What Is a Bachelor’s Degree? Types, Cost, and Application Requirements

Earning your bachelor's degree can be a worthwhile investment from both a personal and professional standpoint. Not only does it give you dedicated time to learn about an area of interest, but it can also lead to more job opportunities and higher earnings throughout your working lifetime.

Learn more about bachelor's degrees, including the types to explore, what they cost, how long they take to earn, and the requirements to apply.

What is a bachelor’s degree?

A bachelor’s degree—sometimes called a baccalaureate—is an undergraduate degree in which you gain generalized knowledge over your first two years of study and then select a college major to gain additional in-depth knowledge. What you choose to study can either lead to a specific career or provide you with the time to develop flexible skills you can apply to several possible careers.

Fast facts about bachelor's degrees:

• Bachelor’s degrees typically take between four and five years to complete or a minimum of 120 college credits.  

• Majors can be in a variety of subjects, such as psychology, computer science, business, nursing, or English.

• Traditionally obtained in person at a college campus, bachelor’s degrees have become increasingly easier to earn online.

• Though many students pursue a bachelor’s degree immediately after high school, it is not uncommon to seek one later in life. 

Types of bachelor’s degrees

Four of the most common types of bachelor’s degrees are:

• Bachelor of Arts (BA): You earn a Bachelor of Arts when you major in the humanities or social sciences, such as history, psychology, English, or communications. The degree typically emphasizes critical thinking and communication skills and is broad enough for you to pursue an array of careers after graduation, like teaching, human resources, advertising, or government work.

• Bachelor of Science (BS): You earn a Bachelor of Science when you study technology, math, or one of the natural sciences, such as biology, chemistry, finance, or computer science. BS degrees typically emphasize quantitative skills and can be a good way to launch a career in STEM.

• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA): You earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts when you major in fine, visual, or performing arts, such as creative writing, theater, drawing, or graphic design. If you’re interested in careers that involve the arts, like theater production or museum curator, a BFA could be a good option for you.

• Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS): You earn a Bachelor of Applied Science when you enroll in a program emphasizing practical, hands-on learning that directly applies to specific career fields. Although limited to certain subjects, a BAS can lead to immediate entry into an industry or technical profession.

Other types of bachelor's degrees

Beyond the above types, you can also earn your bachelor's degree in other areas that tend to come with specialized titles. These include:

• Bachelor of Public Health (BPH)

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

• Bachelor of Education (BEd)

• Bachelor of Social Work (BSW)

• Bachelor of Public Administration (BPA)

• Bachelor of Architecture (BArch)

• Bachelor of Music (BMus)

Bachelor's degrees: time to completion and cost

If you attend full-time, it takes around four or five years to complete a bachelor's degree. The length of time largely depends on how quickly you work through the 120 credits typically required to graduate. Learn more about how to get a bachelor's degree.

The cost of college depends on several factors, like whether you choose to attend a public or private institution, whether you are an in-state or out-of-state student, or whether you opt for an online or in-person experience. Financial aid may also help lower your costs. Remember that tuition is separate from other living expenses, like housing and transportation.

• Private vs. public: The College Board found that one year of tuition and fees, on average, cost $11,610 at public four-year institutions for in-state students and $30,780 for out-of-state students [1]. Private nonprofit institutions cost $43,350 [1]. However, private colleges may have more institutional resources to give out as financial aid.

• Online vs. in-person: The average public online bachelor's program tuition costs $40,926 for in-state students and $62,756 for private ones, according to US News—that’s total, not per year [2]. Online degrees eliminate relocation and transportation costs and offer enough flexibility for people who want to work full- or part-time.

• Scholarships or financial aid: Financial aid through FAFSA and scholarships are available for many schools. See if you’re eligible for federal financial assistance and contact your school for opportunities to start.

Application requirements for bachelor’s degrees

To apply for a bachelor’s degree program, you may need to provide:

• Past grades or GPA: Some programs may require you to have earned a certain minimum GPA in high school—like 2.5 or 3.0—though not all do. A program’s application should state what kind of grade requirements they have.

• A GED or high school diploma: Most bachelor’s degree programs will require you to have completed a high school level of education. If you haven’t, you can consider other programs, like associate degrees or certificates that may not require a GED or diploma. Professional Certificates on Coursera don’t require GEDs.

• Standardized test scores, like the SAT or ACT: Though some schools are dropping this requirement, many still ask for test scores. High school students typically take standardized tests in their junior or senior year before applying to colleges. 

• Letters of recommendation: These can come from high school teachers who can speak to your good qualities and know you well. If you’ve been out of school for a while, a manager from a past or current job, a leader at your place of worship, a sports coach, or a volunteer coordinator can all provide letters of recommendation.

• Personal essays: Colleges could request personal essays to better understand your personal story and why you’re interested in a particular program.

Online vs. on-campus bachelor’s degree classes

When you're interested in earning your bachelor's degree, you can attend in person or opt to complete your degree online. Both options offer compelling reasons depending on your needs and resources. Consider these factors when deciding which might be better for you.

• Flexibility: Online degrees are more flexible. Accessing classes from home, with a wider range of time to take them, can allow students to continue working full-time or take care of a family. Many on-campus programs also have flexible or part-time options.

• In-person interaction: Face-to-face interaction is essential to some people but may be less of a priority to others. How important it is might depend on certain factors like your major and what sort of experience you want out of a bachelor’s degree program. While certain majors, like computer science, may be more conducive to taking online, others, like theater, might be more suitable for in-person learning. Being on campus can give you many extracurricular options, while online schools can also expose you to a community of people across the country and around the globe.

• Affordability: Because of lower overhead costs, online bachelor’s degrees tend to be more affordable than those on traditional campuses. Of course, factors like whether or not the college is public or private, in-state or out-of-state, and how much financial aid you receive will all affect the price of a school, whether it’s online or in-person. The good news is that you may qualify for federal aid in either case. Filling out your FAFSA can be a good place to start.

Learn more: What to Do if You Can't Afford College (Even With Financial Aid)

Benefits of a bachelor's degree

You’ll find several benefits to getting a bachelor’s degree. These include a higher potential income, increased job prospects, and new and enriching life experiences. If you’ve been working for a while, a bachelor’s degree may also help you launch a new career or advance in your current one.

Obtaining a bachelor’s degree can also be the first step to obtaining an advanced academic degree, like a master’s or a doctorate. Learn more about what comes after a bachelor's degree.

The financial benefit of a bachelor's degree

A bachelor’s degree can be friendlier to your wallet in the long run. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that in 2023, a college graduate working full-time made a median of $1,493 a week, while high school graduates with no college experience earned a median of $899 a week [3]. That gap stretches into a significant difference over a year. A 2024 report by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that the median pay for recent college graduates with a bachelor’s degree was $60,000, compared to a median average salary of $36,000 for a high school graduate [4].

Jobs you can get with a bachelor's degree

Many high-paying jobs require at least a bachelor's degree, so having a four-year degree can make you a more competitive candidate. Consider these jobs that typically require a bachelor’s degree and are expected to grow rapidly in the next 10 years, according to the BLS [5]:

• Computer and information systems managers

• Financial managers

• Information security analysts

• Market research analysts and marketing specialists

• Medical and health service managers

• Operations research analysts

• Social and community service managers

• Software developers

• Web and digital interface designers

Other types of education

Bachelor’s degrees aren’t the only type of degree you can get. You can also earn the following degrees:

• Associate degrees: Students typically acquire associate degrees at community colleges and take two years to complete. The costs are usually lower than a bachelor’s, and the requirements are generally less competitive. An associate degree can lead to opportunities like web development or mechanical engineering, among many others.

• Professional Certificates: Professional Certificates can help you advance your career or start a new one in far less time and cost than a traditional degree program. Though not a degree by itself, certificates can be a good option for those who want to acquire new skills quickly while committing less time and money than would be spent on a degree. 

• Master’s degree: A master’s degree is a postgraduate degree—meaning it’s a degree you get after completing an undergraduate degree. Those who have completed their bachelor’s and want to advance in their current field, or want to pivot to a new one, might consider getting a master’s. Master’s degrees generally take anywhere from one year to two years for full-time students, depending on the program and field. They can open up paths to careers like clinical social work or psychiatry. Learn more about the differences between Master of Arts (MA) degrees and Master of Science (MS) degrees.

Ready to start exploring? Take a look at some degree options on Coursera.

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